The book is the first scientific biography of the outstanding mathematician of the 18th century in world literature. Christian Goldbach, who made a significant contribution to the formation of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences. Based mainly on archival materials, it tells about the peculiar life path of a scientist, his broad interests and scientific ties with the largest scientists of his time. For the first time, X. Goldbach's correspondence with G.V. Leibniz and J. German. The publication is designed for a wide range of readers interested in mathematics and its history.