The book is devoted to the history of the founding of the city of Tara and Tarsky Uyezd and their development during the XVI-XIX centuries. The military confrontation between the Russian state and the Siberian Khanate at the end of the XVI century. and military operations in Tarsky Uyezd during the XVII-XIII centuries. In parallel, the socio-economic history of the Tarsky Irtysh region is considered. When working on the monograph, many archaeological, historical and ethnographic sources not published to date were used. The monograph is intended for archaeologists, ethnographers, historians, as well as for everyone who is interested in the history and culture of the peoples of Russia.