This is the first work in our literature containing a critical analysis of existential psychoanalysis, which has become widespread in the West and with its origins turned to the concepts of Freud, Sartre, Heidegger. The author of the book, candidate of philosophical sciences A. M. Rutkevich, considering the views of leading representatives of this direction (L. Binswanger, R. May, R. Laing, M. Boss, F. Frankl, etc.), shows their connection with the processes taking place in modern society - with the so-called "countercultural" movement, the spread of all kinds of non-confessional religious teachings, etc.