This book is the first generalizing work on the history of the Khakass people. This work, based on a wide range of sources, highlights the past of Khakassia from the ancient Stone Age to modern ethnopolitical processes. Much attention is paid to the history of the formation of the Khakass ethnic group and its ties with the ancient population of the Middle Yenisei Valley. The times of the existence of the Kyrgyz state are considered in detail, as well as complex events during the period of the Khongorai state, which became fundamental in the formation of the modern culture of Khakasses.