The monograph provides a detailed description of the climate of Sakhalin Island. It is characterized by the mode of insolation, air and soil temperature of the wind and humidification conditions. According to a large number of points, the components of the radiation balance were calculated and climatic maps were built. Climatic zoning of the island territory, description of general conditions of atmospheric circulation in the monsoon region of the Far East and features of synoptic processes development in the Sakhalin area are given.