One of the most interesting ideological and methodological problems is considered - the problem of exposing the attempts of a number of Western thinkers and scientists to implement the "merger" of science and mysticism based on mystified scientific data and pseudoscientific concepts ("holographic concept of thinking," "exopsychology," "relativistic quantum psychology," etc.). Using the latest data of cosmology, physics, biology, psychology, the author shows that the study of the Universe, Man, his consciousness requires materialistic ways of scientific comprehension of the world, that it is impossible without dialectical materialism.