The monograph covers the history of the origin and development of state formations in Kazakhstan from the Saka era to the late Middle Ages. The dissertation is based on the text of the author's doctoral dissertation on the state of Sakas with the involvement of written and archaeological sources. The development of this methodological problem occupied K. A. Akisheva all the years of his scientific activity. Later, the history of the states of the Saks and Usuns was supplemented by materials from the states of the Western Turks, Kypchaks and the Kazakh Khanate.