In the book "Awakening Science II. The Birth of Astronomy," the world famous mathematician paints a picture of the formation of astronomy in ancient Egypt and Babylon. It relies on inaccessible evidence of papyrus and cuneiform texts, including observations of the sunrises of Sirius, the sunrises and approaches of Venus, the mathematical theory of the moon and planets. A significant place is given to astrology and the influence of the astral religions of Ancient Mesopotamia on the relationship between mathematical astronomy of the Babylonians and astrology, as well as the general influence of Babylonian science on the astronomy of Ancient Greece, early Indian astronomy and astronomy of the Hellenistic era.