The monograph is devoted to the national calendar - a subsystem of the traditional culture of the Slavs, with the help of which ideas about time, natural changes and cycles of economic activity were modeled. For the first time, the folk calendar is studied comparatively on the material of all Slavic traditions (East, West? and South Slavic, as well as in the aggregate of all its constituent texts and genres (folklore, mythological and ritual). The main attention is paid to the semantic side of the calendar - mythopoetic themes and plots that give stable inter-Slavic convergence and are "played out" in different cultural languages ​ ​ (songs and paremiology, mythological stories, beliefs and omens, folk terminology and phraseology, rites and customs.