The oceans have a huge and multifaceted impact on the functioning of all Earth systems. It forms the climate of the planet, is the most important source of oxygen entering the atmosphere, and also regulates the content of carbon dioxide in the air. Global geological and geochemical processes occurring in the aquatic environment of the ocean, as well as at its bottom, have a significant impact on the life of the Earth. The ocean is probably one of the most complex earthly spheres. Apparently, therefore, man knows much less about the ocean than, for example, about the atmosphere or lithosphere.