The monograph is devoted to the analysis of cultural and historical processes that took place in the steppes of the Southern Urals at the turn of III-II and in the first centuries of II millennium BC. It sets out the author's vision of the content, the role of monuments of Sintashta and Peter's types in the Southern Trans-Urals and Northern Kazakhstan and cultural and historical processes of this time. For the first time, Sintashta and partly Peter's monuments are considered as a reflection of the existence of societies, the specifics of the emergence and functioning of which were largely determined by metal production.