Michel Foucault's lecture course "The Birth of Biopolitics" was delivered at the Collège de France in the 1978-1979 academic year. Foucault for the first and last time chooses the history of thought of the 20th century as the object of his analysis. Its focus is on the formation of neoliberalism as a political and economic doctrine that determines the current state of the Western world. Foucault, with his inherent scrupulousness and grace, analyzes the two main branches of neoliberalism - German ordoliberalism and American anarcho-liberalism, offering an original version of events different from that adopted in the Anglo-Saxon world. This research strategy allows him to approach the topic of biopolitics - total power investment of all life processes, which turned out to include all Western humanity. In this regard, the published course turns out to be a continuation of the lecture course of the 1977-1978 academic year "Security, Territory, Population."