The collection "Paleolithic and Neolithic of the USSR," prepared by the Paleolithic sector of the Leningrad branch of the Institute of Archeology of the USSR Academy of Sciences, contains new materials and research on the Stone Age of the Russian Plain, the Caucasus, Siberia and the Far East. It examines the peculiarities of the development of Paleolithic and Neolithic culture in various regions of the country, touches upon many pressing problems and issues of the science of the Stone Age.