The book of the famous Polish Slavist Jerzy Farino is both a textbook and a scientific work that introduces into the system ideas about the world of a literary work and poetic languages ​ ​ that model this world. The book proposes ways and ways to analyze and interpret a literary work (and more broadly, works of art) through an explanation of the semantic significance of all its structural components. Theoretical and literary issues are dealt with using examples of their Russian literature, sometimes with parallel examples from Polish, works of other types of art, folklore and mythological material are involved. An extensive body of modern Western European and Russian structural-semiotic and cultural studies is taken into account.