Monuments of the ancient culture of the Southern Trans-Urals have long attracted the attention of researchers. However, controversial and unclear issues on the problems of Andronovo-type monuments were far from resolved. The author, based on an analysis of huge archaeological material, comes to the conclusion that the monuments of Fedorov, Alakul and Zamaraev types, which were previously considered as stages of a single Andronovo culture, belong to different archaeological cultures. The book substantiates a new view of the periodization and chronology of the Bronze Age of the Southern Trans-Urals.