The theoretical foundations of digital processing of 2D- and 3D images are outlined. Statistical characteristics of images and interference, colorimetric systems and color management, visual system and image perception, image digitization, linear and nonlinear image processing, geometric image transformations, morphological operations and their application, image segmentation, lossless and lossy image compression, volumetric images, virtual reality and 3D scanning, digital video and television are discussed in detail.