The second edition presents new materials on all sections of the problem of myopia. Data on the patterns of refractogenesis, the mechanism of myopia, its pathophysiological and clinical features are summarized. Clearly separated are two different forms of myopia in origin, course and outcome. New data on sclera metabolism and its biophysical features in progressive myopia are presented. The main focus is on the justification and detailed description of a wide range of measures for the treatment and prevention of myopia.