This publication is a fundamental sequential description of the physical foundations of research and development in the field of component base and equipment of radiophotonic systems. In particular, the following topics are professionally covered in 10 chapters of the book: comparison with digital fiber-optic lines, the main component base, key technical indicators, sources of noise and distortion, the influence of the fiber-optic signal transmission path, modulation and demodulation methods, application in telecommunication fiber-optic systems and microwave location radio systems. The book is intended mainly for higher education students and graduate students studying in the direction of "Photonics," but it can also be useful for the teaching staff, for equipment developers within this only developing direction of science and technology in Russia, as well as for scientific and technical specialists in related fields.