The book analyzes regional and country models of types of social structures, considers scenarios of historical development, systems, mechanisms and variants of social evolution of the countries of the East. The first part of the work shows the fundamental opposite and historical confrontation between Western European and traditional Eastern models of the Middle Ages and the New Age. In the second part, eight Asian models of traditional societies are characterized: Arab-Ottoman, Chinese, Japanese, Indian, Vietnamese, Malay, Indo-Sino-Javanese and steppe. The conclusion is devoted to the synthesis of Western and Eastern models as the dominant version of the modernization of the East.