This monograph provides a systematic presentation of the problems studied by modern human sociology. A feature of the work is a consistent presentation of the material from the point of view of both classical and post-classical approaches to human analysis. Much attention is paid to a new stage in the development of sociological science - a universal theory that reflects a new scientific picture of the world. Along with theoretical material, the book contains the results of sociological studies of human problems conducted on the basis of the heuristic possibilities of post-classical sociology.