The monograph contains selected theoretical and applied studies that examine the development of the modern economy and labor market. Various problems of the relationship between the labor market and economic growth are disclosed, including issues of equilibrium of economic systems, fiscal aspects of the functioning of the labor market, migration and unemployment. The results of the analysis of the influence of the state and economic policy on the labor market, as well as studies of the features and patterns of economic growth in Russia are presented. The work is one of the results of the scientific activity of the laboratory for research on economic growth, operating at the Faculty of Economics of St. Petersburg State University. The book is intended for employees of research institutes, teachers of economic universities, graduate students, students interested in labor market problems and economic growth.