The textbook is drawn up in accordance with the programs on traumatology and orthopedics for students of the medical and sanitary-hygienic faculties, approved by the USSR Ministry of Health (1977). The basic principles of diagnosis and treatment for injuries and diseases of the musculoskeletal system are outlined. The method of examination of patients with congenital hip dislocation, congenital clubfoot, paralytic deformities is highlighted. Particular attention is paid to the issues of examination of temporary and permanent disability in traumatological patients, as well as prosthetics, rehabilitation, etc.