The textbook was written by the team of the Department of Biology and General Genetics of the First Moscow State Medical University named after I.M. Sechenov in accordance with the biology program for students of medical universities and medical faculties of universities studying in the group of specialties "Health and Medical Sciences. "The textbook consists of ten chapters in which the biological foundations of life are sequentially considered at all levels of the living organization. In preparing the materials, the authors used modern achievements of biology. A large amount of information is well organized, the material contains numerous visual tables, diagrams, drawings. For students of medical, biological universities, as well as teachers and scientists.