The book highlights and describes the most important discoveries in ocean physics, reflecting the main directions of research in geophysical hydrodynamics during the rapid development of oceanology in the second half of the last century, and especially in its last third. The publication of the book is designed in such a way that it is of interest both to specialists - oceanologists-physicists, graduate students and students, and a wide range of readers who are not related to this profession, and each of them could get the necessary and interesting information about the World Ocean and its level of study, as well as the modern development of oceanology.