The theme of the study is the development of the Italian labor movement from the revolutionary battles of the 90s of the XIX century to the general strike of 1904 and the movement of solidarity with the first Russian revolution. The labor movement is shown as an integral part of the country's history. Particular attention is paid to the situation in Italy, the activities of the socialist party and its leaders, the emergence of reformist and syndicalist movements, and the analysis of the liberal course of Giolitti.