Approaches and views on the problem of human life, death and immortality of such Russian religious philosophers are considered, as K.N. Leontiev, N.F. Fedorov, B.C. Soloviev, S.N. Bulgakov, H.A. Berdyaev and P.A. Florensky, as well as the evolution of mortal materialism, represented by the views of V.G. Belinsky, A.I. Herzen and N.G. Chernyshevsky, into immortal materialism, whose representatives are K.E. Tsiolkovsky, biocosmists, A.M. Gorky and the developers of the modern concept of practical immortality of man (V.F. Kuprevich, P.A. Rebinder, A.B. Komarov, L.E. Balashov, G.D. Berdyshev, etc.).