The book is dedicated to one of the most important episodes in the history of science of the 20th century - the birth of the ideas of structuralism in the Prague linguistic circle and the special role of its Russian participants in this event - N.S. Trubetskoy, R.O. Jacobson and P.N. Savitsky. Can structuralism be considered a special "Russian science"? How are the scientific ideas of structuralism related to the ideology of Eurasianism? The book shows the process of the birth of the concept of structure from the idea of ​ ​ integrity and biological metaphor of the body.