The monograph examines the history of settlement and migration of Iranian tribes and peoples in the northern part of Central Asia (on the Turan lowland) on an expanded source base (paleogeography, ecology, historical models, archaeological materials and written sources). The author offers new solutions to a number of historical problems, issues of ethnic history (for example, about the origin of the Khorezmians, the history of the Dakhs, Ariaks, Tokhars, early Khazars, etc.). The work attempted to create a single picture of the settlement and interaction of Iranian tribes and peoples in the desert zone of Central Asia in antiquity, from the beginning of its settlement to the era of Turkization.