The monograph demonstrates the proximity of the methodological foundations of the post-structuralist ontology to the positions of transcendental philosophy emanating from the project of critical philosophy of I. Kant. The text, in particular, traces the dependence of modern forms of ontology proposed by J. Derrida and J. Deleuze on the task of "overcoming" metaphysics formulated by M. Heidegger and the norms of thinking predetermined by this task.