They tried to solve the most complex set of social, biological, psychological and spiritual problems that alcoholism and drug addiction pose to humanity by different methods. At the end of the last century, for example, they tried to treat alcoholics with hypnosis, electric shock and even lobotomy (removal of the frontal lobes of the brain). As psychiatry developed, various approaches began to appear, which can be reduced to attempts to influence "outside." These are practical approaches within the framework of well-known psychological and psychotherapeutic schools and trends (psychoanalysis, behaviorism, etc.).