The guide addresses the care of newborn babies in a hospital setting. Modern methods for the diagnosis and treatment of such pathological conditions in newborns as dysfunctions of the gastrointestinal tract, hemolytic disease, purulent septic diseases (omphalitis, paraproctitis, staphylococcal and streptococcal pyoderma, osteomyelitis, etc.), specific intrauterine infections (rubella, chickenpox, trichomonosis, candidiasis, viral hepatitis, gonorrhea, syphilis, HIV infection, etc.), neonatal endocrinopathies, birth defects of metabolism, genetic diseases. Organizational principles for the creation of departments for newborns are highlighted.