The book covers the internal life of the peasant community during the critical period of Stolypin agrarian reform. The goals and objectives of agrarian reform, methods of its implementation, the struggle of the peasantry against it and those alternative solutions that it opposed to reform are analyzed in detail. Statistical data on land redistributions are provided. The internal structure and evolution of the peasant "world," the sober and enlightening movement in the community, as well as the problem of village youth, which had become noticeably aggravated by the beginning of the First World War, are especially considered. The study is based on materials from central and regional archives, first introduced into scientific circulation. For historians, economists, students, the general public.