The paper provides general information about fungi, their position in the system of the organic world, their morphology and methods of reproduction. The structure and evolution of the vegetative body, mycelium, its modification, types of plexus, including false tissues, are considered. Particular attention is paid to the evolution of reproductive organs in connection with the transition of fungi to terrestrial existence. The structure of fruit bodies in ascomycetes and basidiomycetes is covered in detail, as well as the structure, biological significance and distribution of spores as the main structures for classifying fungi.