The textbook is an introduction to the problems that the physics of the Earth deals with. It examines the basic methods for studying the structure of the Earth and the processes occurring in it. This textbook presents all the main branches of the physics of the Earth: geochronology, theory of the gravitational field and figures of the Earth, seismology, geothermy, theory of the magnetic field, as well as the theory of evolution and modern dynamics of the Earth. The necessary information from continuum mechanics, rheology and solid state physics is given. The presentation of the material is based on the traditional for the physics of the Earth consideration of the physical foundations of phenomena and processes.