The book is devoted to the history of the socialist transformation of agriculture in the USSR. The diversity of natural, geographical, socio-economic and cultural conditions in our vast country gave rise to significant features in the transition of the peasantry of various national republics and regions to the path of socialism. Studying the features of the collectivization of agriculture, clarifying the specifics of social relations in the village of national republics will make it possible to better understand assess the historical significance of the first experience of building socialism. The collection includes articles on the collectivization of agriculture in most of the Union republics - in the RSFSR and Ukraine, in Uzbekistan and Tajikistan, in Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and Turkmenistan. Transcaucasia is represented by an article on the collectivization of agriculture in Azerbaijan. The peculiarities of the socialist transformation of agriculture in the republics and regions that became part of the USSR in 1939-1940 are clarified in articles written based on materials from Moldova, Latvia and Estonia.