The manual makes it possible to prepare for admission to various educational institutions. It presents both the latest achievements of domestic and foreign specialists in the history of Russia, and the rich heritage of Soviet and pre-revolutionary historical science; the ambiguity of the conclusions of scientists on many problems of Russian history is taken into account; on controversial issues, the main points of view are given, arguments and counterarguments in their favor are briefly listed, which will satisfy both the "liberal" and the "conservative." The introduction sets out an effective methodology for preparing for the exam. The text is structured in such a way that it allows you to clearly imagine the logic and response plan. By answering the questions and completing the tasks given after each topic, you will receive additional information.