This manual is dedicated to one of the pressing problems of pediatrics - the diagnosis and treatment of pyelonephritis in children. The Protocol sets out anamnestic risk factors for the development of a microbial-inflammatory process in renal tissue, features of the clinical picture of pyelonephritis in young and older children, the informativity of various research methods (laboratory, ultrasound, radiological, radionuclide, etc.) is shown. Schemes and modern approaches to the treatment of pyelonephritis in children are proposed: features of diet therapy, pharmacotherapy and herbal medicine, principles of dispensary observation.