The era of the unprecedented rise of metaphysics and the heyday of science - the 17th century - seems worthy of the closest attention and study, not only because it was then that many philosophical and scientific problems were put forward, over which the best minds of their time fought and which still cannot be considered completely and satisfactorily resolved (these are the problems of determinism and freedom, the structure of the continuum and number, psychophysical dualism, the objectivity of the world, internal and external, the relationship of the finite mind to actual infinity, the interaction of the constructive and contemplative principles of mind, etc.)