The textbook is devoted to the current and complex section of clinical medicine - transfusion of blood, its components and blood substitutes. The book pays due attention to the history of transfusiology, issues of teaching about blood groups, indications for blood transfusion, its components and blood substitutes, describes in detail the technique of some manipulations and procedures necessary for transfusion, presents modern technologies in immunohematology. In addition, the issues of the immediate and long-term consequences of transfusion are discussed in detail.