The main concepts related to risk in general are considered. The types of risks associated with currency fluctuations (operational, translational, economic) that affect the performance of financial organizations, trade and industrial companies are analyzed; describes the stages of currency risk management. The analysis of the nature of the exchange rate (degree of its determination) as an object of forecasting is given, the evolution of approaches to its forecasting is shown. Currency risk assessment methods are described, including the recently widely used Value + at-risk method.