In the book, for the first time in Russian historical literature, the development of UN peacekeeping activities for the period from the mid-1940s. until the early 1970s. The main stages of the development of the concept of peacekeeping operations and observation missions were identified. The monograph reveals the role and significance of UN peacekeeping operations in the dynamics of international relations as a peaceful method of resolving local conflicts in the context of the military-political confrontation of the Cold War era. The author consecrated the UN settlement of international crises and conflicts in the Middle East, Congo and Cyprus.