The textbook is intended for students of art disciplines studying the features of textiles and costumes in the context of a specific historical period. The manual examines the evolution of textile ornament, reveals ethnic features of textiles and costumes of different peoples of the Ancient World. Textile art, being one of the oldest forms of human expression, reflects the history of each people. The peculiarities of the material, the method of manufacture, the ornamentation of the fabric speak volumes: about the cultural, social, religious, political features of the ancient states.