Alexander Ilyich Tyumenev (1880-1959) - an outstanding Russian historian, a specialist in the history of the ancient world. His book "Jews in Antiquity and the Middle Ages" includes essays on the history of Jews in antiquity and the Middle Ages, in which, in addition to the general historical outline, the living conditions, occupations of Jews are investigated, the ways of the formation of the Jewish people are traced and its character is revealed.