The book tells about the addition of the culture of the early Sarmatians of the IV - I centuries. BC e., common in the steppes between the Don and the Urals, clarifies the origins and location of the Prokhorov culture, its relationship with the eastern regions. The earliest monuments of Prokhorov culture in the Urals and the Volga region and their attitude to the synchronous cultures of the forest-steppe Trans-Urals, Kazakhstan and Central Asia are considered in detail. The book is designed for archaeologists, historians, local historians, teachers.