The eighteenth and first half of the nineteenth centuries chosen by the author in the history of Russia are not an era that has the internal completeness of the ongoing historical processes. The emergence of the monetary economy occurred much earlier than the beginning of the outlined era, and the influence of trading capital affected long before the 18th century. On the other hand, in the 19th century, the action of the next higher stage of economic development, industrial capitalism, begins to be discovered. The first half of the 19th table, especially the last decades, are marked by the crisis of social forms created by trade capital, including, first of all, serfdom and land relations closely related to it. Thus, the era chosen by the author involves the flourishing of one economic formation and the growth of another, dictated by the o'jective necessity of historical development.