Danilevsky Nikolai Yakovlevich (1822-1885), the great Russian thinker and scientist, sociologist, culturologist, publicist and naturalist; geopolitics. The creator of the theory of the development of world history, the founder of the civilizational method of studying the historical process and the doctrine of cultural and historical types (civilizations). Danilevsky laid the foundation for modern historiography, geopolitics, political science.