Tibetan language textbook for beginners. Lhasa dialect. The leading dialect of the Tibetan language is Lhasa, which forms the basis of the modern literary Tibetan language and has undergone the greatest changes in the process of the long historical development of the phonological system. In the Lhasa dialect, 30 consonant phonemes, 17 vowel phonemes are distinguished. Typologically significant features of the super-segmental level of the Lhasa dialect, in addition to the phonologically significant tone, include vowel syngarmonism or vowel syngarmonism by ascent.