The book is the first Russian-language monograph dedicated to the work of one of the most significant thinkers of the 20th century - Michel Foucault (1926-1984). Tracing the genesis and development of the philosopher's work, inscribing it in the wide panorama of philosophical thought of the last century, the book offers the domestic reader a multifaceted image of Foucault - a philosopher, historian, public figure. The author shows the intersections and parallels of Fucian thought with the main conceptual currents in post-structuralism. The study of historical and biographical nature is supplemented by a critical analysis of the main conceptual points of Foucault's philosophy. All this makes the book multifaceted and capable of arousing interest not only among specialists in the history of philosophy, but also among everyone who is interested in the current state of philosophical, historical and political thought.