With the release of this work, the author continues (or ends - depending on the circumstances) a series of publications within the framework of the project "Culture and Personality in the Context of Soviet History: The First Decade." Earlier, books were published at Moscow State University: Revolution and Culture. 1917-1920 (Novosibirsk, 1994); Transition to pop and culture. 1921-1923 (Novosibirsk, 1997); General education in Soviet Russia: first decade (Novosibirsk, 1998, Part I. 1917-1923; Novosibirsk, 1999, Part II. 1923-1927); Higher education and science in Soviet Russia: first decade. 1917-1927 (Novosibirsk, 2000); Soviet mass culture: at the origins (1917-1927) (Novosibirsk, 2001). Thematically close to them is the work Modern historiography of the Soviet intelligentsia of Russia (Novosibirsk, 1996). The theme of the intelligentsia, which is the main subject of cultural creativity, is cross-cutting in all these publications. So far, such topics (industries) as everyday culture and traditional (folk) culture have remained outside the framework of the published cycle. Spiritual culture is so multifaceted that it is hardly possible for one person to cover all its components - be it a form in the form of a series of publications or a generalizing monograph. There is no such example in Russian historiography yet. Like previous editions, this book is addressed to those who study and teach Soviet history.