The book combines materials from interdisciplinary seminars held at the Liberal Mission Foundation in 2010-2011. Mikhail Afanasyev, Alexey Davydov, Denis Dragunsky, Alexey Kara-Murza, Igor Klyamkin, Vadim Mezhuev, Emil Pain, Andrey Pelipenko, Natalya Tikhonova, Igor Yakovenko and Evgeny Yasin are looking for an answer to the question raised in the title of the book.